Abt 1520 - 1589 (69 years)
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Name |
Christoffel PLANTIJN |
Birth |
Abt 1520 |
Saint-Avertin [FR] |
Gender |
Male |
Death |
1589 |
Antwerpen [AN, BE] |
Person ID |
I33378 |
W1 Bosschaerts Research Worldwide |
Last Modified |
24 Jul 2011 |
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Event Map |
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| Death - 1589 - Antwerpen [AN, BE] |
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Pin Legend |
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Notes |
- Christoffel Plantijn (Saint-Avertin bij Tours, ca. 1520 – Antwerpen, 1 juli 1589) was een boekdrukker en uitgever van Franse afkomst, die zich in 1549 vestigde in Antwerpen. Zijn bemoeienis met het boekenvak stamt uit zijn achtergrond als leerbewerker/boekbinder. In 1555 opende hij een eigen drukkerij Plantijn, die op haar hoogtepunt 16 persen telde en meer dan 80 werknemers had. Uit angst voor de Spaanse Furie (1576) verhuisde hij naar Leiden, waar hij drukker aan de universiteit werd. Tevens werd hij benoemd tot drukker van de Staten Generaal. Hij woonde in Leiden aan de Vrouwensteeg, waar nu de studentenvereniging Sociëteit Minerva is gevestigd; een plaquette in de muur herinnert aan zijn verblijf.
Hij keerde in 1585 naar Antwerpen terug en stierf in 1589. Zijn belangrijkste werk is de Biblia Regia, die hij uitgaf tussen 1568 en 1572. Deze meertalige uitgave van de Bijbel kwam tot stand met steun van de Spaanse koning Filips II. Andere benamingen voor deze uitgave zijn Biblia Complutense en Biblia Polyglotta. Na zijn dood nam zijn schoonzoon, Jan Moretus (Jean Moerentorf), het bedrijf over. Tegenwoordig is het als werelderfgoed erkende Plantin-Moretusmuseum in het gebouw gevestigd, evenals het naar hem genoemde Plantin Genootschap.
Enkele taalkundig belangrijke uitgaven van Plantijn:
1562 - Dictionarium Tetraglotton
(Latijn - Grieks - Frans - Nederlands). Met onder meer uitvoerige Franse en Nederlandse synoniemen en omschrijvingen. De uitgave kwam tot stand, dankzij de deskundigheid van Plantijns werknemer Cornelius Kiliaan.
1567 - Nomenclator omnium rerum propria nomina variis linguis...
De medicus Hadrianus Junius (1551-1575) geeft hierin uitleg over de vele termen in het Nederlands en meerdere andere talen.
1573 - Thesaurus Theutonicae linguae. Schat der Neder-duytscher spraken.
Dit woordenboek bevat 40.000 trefwoorden, met vertaling van het Nederduits in het Latijn en het Frans.
1574 - Dictionarium Teutonico Latinum van Plantijns medewerker Kiliaan (1528-1607).
De geheel herziene derde uitgave van het Dictionarium (1599) kreeg een nieuwe titel: Etymologicum Teutonicae linguae sive Dictionarium Teutonico - Latinum.
Cornelis Kiliaans taal was het Brabants, maar hij nam ook woorden uit Vlaanderen, Friesland en Holland op. Door vergelijking met Engelse, Hoogduitse, Franse en Spaanse woorden trachtte hij de oorspronkelijke betekenis van de Nederlandse woorden te achterhalen. Kiliaan neemt een ereplaats in op de overgang van het Middelnederlands naar het Nederduits, de toenmalige benaming van het Nederlands. Zijn dictionarium is de basis van alle latere woordenboeken in het Nederlands.
(Source: Wikipedia)
- Plantin was born in France, Saint-Avertin, near the city of Tours. He learned bookbinding and bookselling in Caen. He married someone from Antwerp, and settled there in 1549 as a bookbinder.
In 1555, he opened his own printing establishment and soon became a leader of that trade. The first book he is known to have printed was La Institutione di una fanciulla nata nobilmente, by J. M. Bruto, with a French translation. This was soon followed by many other works in French and Latin, which in point of execution rivalled the best printing of his time. The art of engraving then flourished in the Netherlands, and Dutch engravers illustrated many of his editions. Around 1555, an arm wound appears to have led him to apply himself to typography.
In 1562, while Plantin was absent in Paris, his workmen printed a heretical pamphlet, which resulted in his goods being seized and sold. It seems, however, that he eventually recovered much of the value that was taken from him. In 1563, he associated himself with some friends to carry on his business on a larger scale. Among these friends were two grand-nephews of Daniel Bomberg, who furnished him with the fine Hebrew typefaces of that renowned Venetian printer.
In November 1576, the Spaniards plundered and partly burned Antwerp, and Plantin had to pay an exorbitant ransom. He established a branch of his firm in Paris. In 1583, the states of Holland sought a typographer for the newly erected university at Leiden. Plantin moved there after leaving his much reduced business in Antwerp to his sons-in-law John Moerentorf (Jan Moretus) and Francis van Ravelinghen (Raphelengius). Plantin left his Leiden office to Raphelengius and returned to Antwerp after it became more settled, subsequent to its conquest by the prince of Parma in 1585. Plantin laboured in Antwerp until his death.
His motto Labore et Constancia ("By Labor and Constancy")
Printing work:
His most important work is the Biblia Regia, published between 1568 and 1572. His editions of the Bible in Hebrew, Latin and Dutch, his Corpus juris, Latin and Greek classics, and many other works produced at this period are renowned for their beautiful execution and accuracy. He also planned a much greater enterprise—the publication of a Biblia polyglotta, which would fix the original text of Old and New Testaments on a scientific basis. In spite of clerical opposition, he was supported by King Philip II of Spain, who sent him the learned Benito Arias Montano to lead the editorship. With Montano's zealous help, the work was finished in five years (1569-1573, 8 vols, folio). This work earned Plantin little profit, but resulted in Philip's granting him the privilege of printing all Roman Catholic liturgical books (missals, breviaries, etc.) for the states ruled by Philip, and the office of prototypo-graphus regius.
Besides the polyglot Bible, Plantin published many other works of note, such as editions of St. Augustine and St. Jerome, the botanical works of Dodonaeus, Clusius and Lobelius, and the description of the Netherlands by Guicciardini. In 1575, his printing firm reckoned more than 20 presses and 73 workmen, in addition to a similar number that worked for him out of their homes.
Though outwardly a faithful son of the Catholic church, he was a lifelong supporter of a mystical sect of heretics. It is now proved that many of their books published without naming the printer came from his presses.
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